OCTOBER 6, 2009 [ROXANNE]

Today in class, we learnt about naming hydrates and their prefixes.

• copper sulfate & sodium sulfate --> without water the compound is often preceded as 'anhydrous'
  -these crystals contain water inside them which can be released by heating

TO NAME HYDRATES:

• write the name of the chemical formula
• add a prefix indicating the number of water molecules
  1-mono
  2-di
  3-tri
  4-tetra
  5-penta
  6-hexa
  7-septa
  8-octa
  9-nona
  10-deca
  
  

Examples:

Name the following compounds:

1. Cu(SO4) - 5H2O ---> copper (2) PENTAhydrate
2. Li(ClO4) - 3H2O ---> Lithium perchlorate - TRIhydrate
3. what is the chemical formula of Nickel(2)sulfate hexahydrate?
   Ni(SO4) - 6H2O

MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

• composted of 2 or more non-metals
• low melting point and boiling point
• share (not exchange) electrons
• usually end in 'gen' (hydroGEN, oxyGEN, nitroGEN)
• 7 molecules are DIATOMIC - 2 of the same elements
  -H2, N2, O2, F, Cl2, Br2,I2
• P4, S8 --> Polyatomic
• water - H2O
• hydrogen peroxide - H2O2
• ammonia - NH3
• glucose - C6H12O6
• sucrose - C12H22O11
  *KNOW THE FIRST FIVE!!!!!*
• methane - CH4
• propane - C3H8
• octane - C8H18
• methanol - CH3OH
• ethanol - C2H5OH
• ethane - C2H6